Search
jiān · ma · 間
jiān · ma · 間 · noun · gap, room, interval

Interval

the space between — and the pause that is doing the work

The character shows light through a gate: the older form 閒 sets the moon between the door-leaves, the modern one the sun. In Chinese 間 is the ordinary word for a space between things — a gap, a room, a stretch of time. Read in Japanese as ma, it becomes a term of art: the interval in music, the pause held in speech, the emptiness a composition is built around, the beat an actor waits before moving. It is not absence. It is a positive quantity that has been shaped, and a performance can be judged on it. Designers borrow the word constantly and almost always flatten it into “negative space”, which quietly drops half the meaning — ma is as much a duration as a distance, and the temporal half is the half that is hard.

Sources · 3

  1. documented The older graph 閒, with 月 between the leaves of 門.
  2. documented Ma as an established term in Japanese aesthetics, performance and architecture.
  3. traditional The complaint that Western design usage flattens ma to negative space. The Institute’s own reading, offered as criticism rather than as lexicography.